When analyzing runoff, what does infiltration primarily impact?

Infiltration primarily impacts the total volume of runoff because it refers to the process by which water enters the soil from the surface. When rainfall occurs, some of the water will infiltrate into the ground, which reduces the amount of water that contributes to surface runoff. The greater the infiltration capacity of the soil, the more rainwater can be absorbed, leading to a decrease in the total volume of runoff that ultimately reaches streams, rivers, or drainage systems.

This relationship is crucial in hydrology and watershed management, as managing infiltration can enhance groundwater recharge, mitigate flooding, and improve water quality. By understanding how infiltration affects runoff volume, engineers and planners can design better stormwater management systems and make informed decisions about land use and development practices.