Which of the following is a common consequence of improper hydration in concrete?

Improper hydration in concrete can lead to various issues during the curing process. One of the most significant consequences is cracking and shrinkage. When concrete does not hydrate properly, it does not achieve the necessary chemical reactions required for strength development. This can cause the concrete to dry out too quickly, leading to surface cracking and internal stresses that result in further shrinkage as the material continues to cure. These cracks can compromise the structural integrity of the concrete, leading to long-term durability issues.

Additionally, the strength of the concrete may not be developed adequately if hydration is not optimal, which could lead to structural failures over time. Therefore, ensuring proper hydration during the curing process is crucial for maintaining the expected performance characteristics of concrete, including its strength and resistance to environmental stresses.