Which treatment process is noted for its effectiveness against a range of pathogens, not including some viruses?

Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment is recognized for its ability to inactivate a wide variety of pathogens, including bacteria and protozoa, through the absorption of UV light by their genetic material. This process disrupts the microorganisms' ability to replicate, effectively rendering them harmless. While UV treatment is highly effective against many pathogens, it does have limitations; specifically, it is not as effective against certain viruses because of their smaller size and varying resistance to UV light.

In contrast, chlorination is broader in terms of disinfection capabilities, serving to kill a larger array of viruses, bacteria, and some protozoa, but it can generate disinfection byproducts. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is primarily used for adsorption of organic compounds and some micropollutants but does not specifically target pathogens. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a filtration process effective at removing a range of contaminants, including some pathogens, but it primarily serves as a physical barrier rather than a disinfection method.

Thus, UV light stands out for its targeted action on pathogenic organisms while acknowledging its limitations with certain viruses, making it the treatment process noted for effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens, although not comprehensively including all viruses.